earticle

영어

Tumen River estuary is situated at the center of Northeast Asia. Hunchun, which is located on an inlet of Tumen River, is the nearest point for Jilin Province to realize connecting to the sea of korea and walking towards the Pacific Ocean, is the most efficient external channel to connect to Occident and Southeast Asia, is the strategic pivot of Global logistics.In 1984, The specialists and scholars of Jilin Province, such as An Qingchang, Chen Cai and Yuan Shuren, proposed to restore this right of access to sea according to the Sino-Russian unequal treaties. The spring of 1985, Jilin Province set up the special investigation about the restoration of the navigation right in Tumen River Area. And in 1986 , completed the research report of the restoration of the navigation rights in Tumen River Area.In July, 1990, the science and Technology Commission director of Jilin province, Professor Ding Shisheng, proposed “Tumen River development plan” in “First International Symposium of the Northeast Asia economic development” and caused the wide attention of the delegates and the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP). The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) proposed the concept of “Tumen River Area” for the first time in the group report of exploitation of Tumen River Area development. Since the end of the “cold war”, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) announced that they planned to raise $30 billion to develop the delta in the lower reaches of Tumen River. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) set up the Programme Management Committee of Tumen River Area(PMC) and the Tumen River Area Development Programme(TRADP), held many meetings to identify a project aimed at establishing multilateral cooperation development pattern of a unified multinational free economic zone in the area adjacent to the lower reaches of the Tumen River, which cover the three countries of China, the DPRK and Russsia.Soon, The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) determined to support the co-development of the Tumen River Delta area .Later, multilateral cooperation development mode of the Tumen River Delta area, which is dominated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is converted to the development mode which relies mainly on their own efforts, supplemented by UNDP assistance and peripheral countries participate in. In this paper, according to the different characteristic which presents in the different period of the development of the Tumen river area, the whole process of the development of the Tumen river area is divided into six stages. From 1984 to now, the attitude of peripheral countries around Tumen River area varies from country to country, the Chinese Government attaches great importance to friendly relations and cooperation, North Korea is concerned for the hidden danger so as to be irresolute, Russia’s attidude is neither cold nor warm, South Korea and Mongolia participate in warmly. During this period, it has presented a new feature that China is improving and strengthening the traditional friendship actively with North Korea, South Korea established diplomatic relations initiatively with China and promote the exchanges and cooperation in many fields. Tumen River Area Development Plan with Changchun-Jilin-Yanbian as a Pioneering Zone for Development and Opening-up approved by the Chinese State Council in 2009, represents that the Tumen River Area Development Programme is upgraded to be a national strategy, it is also a major development strategy after revitalizing the Southeast Coastal Zone, the Western Development and the economy of the Northeast Industrial Base in China. It provides us with a new opportunity that the Tumen River international development and openning--up will enter a new era. This article plans to analyze the experience and results which is obtained from the strategic position, the development course and the cooperation and development of Tumen River area, attempting to find out the reasons and solutions that lay restraints on Tumen River regional cooperation and development

중국어

图们江江口地区位于东北亚的中心部位，位于图们江入海口的中国珲春市是吉林省乃至中国通向日本海、进入太平洋的最近点，是联系欧美及东北亚各国的最直接、最便捷的对外通道，具有全球物流中枢战略地位。1984年，吉林省的安庆昌、陈才、袁树人等专家学者提出了按中俄不平等条约，中国在图们江拥有出海权，应尽早恢复这一权利。1985年春，吉林省成立了“恢复中国图们江通海航行权利”专题调研组，并于1986年完成了恢复中国图们江通海航行权利课题的研究报告。1990年7月，吉林省科委主任丁士晟教授在“第一次东北亚经济发展国际学术讨论会”上提出了“图们江开发规划”，并引起了与会代表们的广泛关注和联合国开发计划署的高度重视。联合国开发计划署(UNDP)1991年完成的≪图们江地区开发考察小组报告≫中第一次提出“图们江地区”这个概念。随着冷战的结束，联合国开发计划署(UNDP)宣布拟筹资300亿美元，多国共同开发图们江下游三角洲。UNDP成立图们江区域开发项目管理委员会(PMCIII)、图们江区域开发项目专家组(TRADP)，连续举行多次会议，初步确定在图们江下游中、朝、俄三国交界建立统一的跨国自由经济区的多国合作开发模式。不久，UNDP确定了多国合作开发图们江大三角地区。后来从由UNDP主导、各国共同开发图们江大三角地区的模式改变为以各国自主开发为主、UNDP的协助为辅，周边各国参与的开发模式。本文根据不同时期图们江地区开发所呈现出的不同特征，将图们江地区开发历程划分为六个阶段。图们江地区开发从1984年研究酝酿至今，周边各国态度迥异，中国十分积极；朝鲜因担心安全隐患出现反复；俄罗斯不冷不热；韩国和蒙古国热情参与的特点。在此期间，还呈现了中国比较积极改善和加强与朝鲜的传统友谊，韩国主动与中国建立外交关系，促进多领域的交流与合作的新特点。中国国务院于2009年正式批复了≪中国图们江区域合作开发规划纲要—以长吉图为开发开放先导区≫，标志着以长吉图为开发开放先导区的中国图们江区域合作开发上升为国家战略，这也是中国政府继东南沿海地区开放、西部大开发、东北老工业基地振兴后，出台的一项重大发展战略，以此为契机，图们江国际合作开发将进入一个新的纪元。本文拟对图们江地区的战略地位、开发历程以及合作开发中取得的经验和成果加以剖析，力图找到制约图们江区域国际合作开发的原因和解决办法。