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Objectives: Recently, there have been increases in the rates for binge and problem drinking among youth. This study analyzed the health characteristics associated with problem and high-risk drinking among Korean university students. Methods: A health interview survey was conducted in November 2011 with 700 Korean university and college students located in seven metropolitan cities in the largest province (Gyeonggi-do). To examine the factors related to drinking behavior, the survey assessed health problems in the last year, health risk factors, and the intention to participate in drinking prevention programs. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the survey data identified differences in drinking behavior. Results: The majority (58.1%) of university students were identified as problem drinkers and 16.6% were classified as high-risk drinkers. A gender difference in drinking behavior was found. Multiple logistic regression models indicated significant differences by sex, academic year, experience of drinking problems in the last year, current smoking, secondary smoking exposure, skipping breakfast, and intention to participate in drinking prevention programs (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Future efforts should focus on the association between problem drinking and health risk factors among university students. To achieve this, the provision of an integrated health promotion program for reducing drinking problems in university campus is necessary.