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영어

Liberation came at the end of the Japanese occupation. It was brought about by the Allied victory and created independence. As a result the United States and the Soviet Union were each occupying a part of the Korean Peninsula. The U.S. occupation forces in South Korea came had been in Korea for three years. They used their practical knowledge and political power for governance, national systems and directing overall policies. In addition to political and economic reorganization there was change in social structure because the country was divided. After liberation, backwardness and vulnerability were exposed. These came from the distorted economy and industrial structure formed during the Japanese occupation. In addition, Korean society was in serious disarray and social chaos. Security was extremely tight, there was terrorism and the conflict between the political forces was frequent throughout Korea. In these circumstances, the U.S. military's primary policy was to bring about social stability through maintenance of the public order and preventing Anti-communist political forces. To maintain the public order the U.S. military cracked down on speech, association, assembly and possession of military goods. There were restrictions against foreign cigarettes and a curfew was strictly enforced. The curfew was set up to protect the lives and property of the people. In addition, it helped the military control the nation. The curfew helped control left-wing forces. It was patterned after Japan’s Maintenance of the Public Order Act. Even after the administrative units of the U.S. military were incorporated into the Republic of Korea’s government the curfew was not released. It was used as an efficient and continuous way to bring about transformation.

한국어

미군정은 해방 이후 남한에 존재한 실질적인 통치 주체로서 국가체제의 전반적인 정책방향을 결정하였다. 그 결과 정치ㆍ경제부터 사회구조까지 재편되는 결과를 낳았으며 현재까지도 분단국가를 초래한 중요한 시기로 인식되고 있다. 해방 이후 전라북도는 미군이 주둔하기 이전과 이후의 상황으로 나뉜다. 미군 주둔 이전은 건국준비위원회와 인민위원회의 활동을 통해 실질적인 통치권이 행사되었다. 전라북도 내 미군정의 시급한 업무는 붕괴되어 있던 행정권을 재수립하고 치안을 확립하는 것이었다. 미군정이 실시한 대표적인 치안정책으로는 포고령 위반이 있으며 여기에는 언론ㆍ결사ㆍ집회와 미군 물품 소지, 심지어 양담배 장사에 이르기까지 광범위하게 포함되었다. 이 외에도 야간행정금지도 실시하였다. 미군정은 치안유지정책과 함께 이전부터 주도적인 역할을 했던 좌익세력에 대한 통제에 들어간다. 이는 좌익세력의 불만을 야기하였고 결과적으로 미군정과 좌익세력 간의 충돌로 나타나게 된다. 전라북도는 미군정의 정책과 세력 간의 갈등이 첨예하게 발생한 지역으로 남원사건은 전라북도에서 미군정과 마찰을 빚은 최초의 사건이다. 남원사건을 계기로 미군정은 전라북도에서 통치권을 잡기위해 정책을 더욱 강화하게 된다.