earticle

영어

This paper is written based on the historical facts about Steinbeck’s second phase of career. The biological and philosophical expedition to the Sea of Cortez is a dividing ridge between the two phases—divorce with his first wife, Carol Henning, remarriage with Gwyndolyn Conger, moving to New Yor, and serving as a World War II correspondent. However, Steinbeck did not lose a nostalgia about his hometown, Cannery Row. Thus, observing Steinbeck’s and Ricketts’s idea in their works, Tortilla Flat and Sea of Cortez, this paper insists Steinbeck’s view of Tortilla Flat is “agrarian realism,” and Ricketts’s of Sea of Cortez is “group-man,” or “non-teleological thinking.” Additionally, this essay aims to reveal that Cannery Row integrates the two ideas into “counterculture naturalism” as a strengthened realism, and the novel emphasizes humans are more valuable than material, and communalism expressed by Carnival is an important alternative of ruthless naturalistic facts. Lastly, this paper assumes that Mack and Doc act for Steinbeck and Ricketts because Steinbeck loves the socially disadvantaged people such as Mack and the boys, and Ricketts is transcendental enough to be available to anyone.