earticle

영어

The present study is a survey of scholarship on the linguistic datingof biblical texts. Avi Hurvitz has sought to establish a dating methodfor biblical texts on the basis of linguistic data. He has argued, first,that linguistic change in Biblical Hebrew (= BH) during the exile was sodecisive that Early Biblical Hebrew (= EBH) of the pre-exilic period isclearly distinguished from Late BH (= LBH) of the post-exilic period;and, second, that, since EBH and LBH are distinct both in form andchronology, one can date biblical texts by using linguistic data only. Hurvitz’s method soon became a standard in the scholarly guild, andHurvitz himself and other younger scholars produced studies thatattempt to date biblical books/texts on linguistic grounds. These studieshave treated, for example, the J source, the P source, Ezekiel, individualpsalms, the prose portion of Job, Qoheleth, Esther, and so forth. Since 2003, a challenging voice crystallized through a successionof publications: an essay collection entitled Biblical Hebrew: Studiesin Chronology and Typology (2003), volumes 46 and 47 of HebrewStudies (2005-2006), and Ian Young, Robert Rezetko, and MartinEhrensvärd’s Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts (2008). The challengingvoice, represented by Young, Rezetko, and Ehrensvärd, has argued thefollowing: first, EBH and LBH are not completely distinct in form and chronology, though it is true that they are not identical. Second, EBHand LBH should rather be considered stylistic options from which thepost-exilic biblical writers were free to choose. Third, accordingly, it isimpossible to date biblical texts on the basis of linguistic data only. The present study, first, introduces Hurvitz’s method of linguisticdating and surveys the studies of Hurvitz himself and his followers;second, it examines the challenging voices against Hurvitz’s method;and, third, it discusses two of the most recent attempts published in2012, Diachrony in Biblical Hebrew, edited by Cynthia Miller-Naudé andZiony Zevit, and Dong -Hyuk Kim’s Early Biblical Hebrew, Late BiblicalHebrew, and Linguistic Variability, and probes their significance in thedebate.

한국어

본 논문은 성서 본문의 언어학적 연대 결정 연구사이다. 본 소고가 개관하는 연구는 언어학적 연대 결정 방법론을 확립한 후르비츠의 연구, 후르비츠의 방법론을 받아들인 학자들의 연구, 후르비츠의 방법론에 대해 도전하는 최근의 연구, 그리고 사회언어학적 방법론을 사용하여 두 입장 사이의 화해를 모색하는 김동혁의 연구 등이다.