earticle

영어

It is the ‘Calligraphic System’ (Seotong), which is described in 『Shu Fa Ya Yan』’S of xiangmu, clarifies meaning of calligraphy in an ethical, social, educational and public interest dimension. In Ming dynasty, the period when xiangmu had lived, so-called ‘the trend of individuality liberation’ had started to emerge in that, opposing the restoration, it had put emphasis on naturals human emotions, and expression of soul , and individuality in every field ranging from philosophy and literature to arts. Thus, the trend of revivalism of Former and Latter Seven Masters in literature as well as in the Cheng-Zhu Confucianism had been started to get criticized. Under these periodic situations, xiangmu had unified the functionality that is feature of calligraphy, having it connected to Confucian ethical idea and aesthetic thought of calligraphy through ‘Calligraphic System’ Seotong centering around Wang Xizhi, xiangmu in the chapter of ‘Pumgyeok’ of Seobeob Aeon (Reflections of Calligraphy), divided the grade of calligraphers into Jeongjong , Daega , Jeongwon , and Bangryu.Among them, this paper examines the meaning of Jeongjongkwan , which is the completeness of achievement of calligraphic arts focusing on accomplishment of symmetry of Bulgyeokbulyeo having understood logics of ancient and modern times through and through, and capturing natural, outstanding spirit in the heart in the stage of Confucius freedom , which fit in with one’s criterion. Also, this paper examines Seotongkwan, which is calligraphic adaptation of Confucian Dotongkwan that stresses the practice of ‘Metamorphosis as occasion demands’ and urge that one should succeed the achievement of sage in the past and open up the academic world for youths of the future, having it connected with the essence of Jeongjongkwan. Xiangmu who emphasizes symmetry had stressed doing calligraphic arts based on symmetrical aesthetic in that timeliness of righteous mind and Chingmulpyeongsi should be on the ground of cultivated pure mental attitude, personality, and knowledge with the mindset of ‘there is no malicious intention in thinking’ -samusa and ‘do not treat people without respect’ mubulgyeong. In particular, the symmetrical aesthetics, which tells ‘knowing the logics of ancient and modern times through and through gogeum yunghoegwantong that is the condition of Jongjong , has a merit to express elegant beauty (uami).

한국어

윤리적ㆍ사회적ㆍ교육적ㆍ공공성의 차원에서 서예의 의미를 밝힌 것이 項穆 󰡔書法雅言󰡕의 ‘書統’ 이다. 항목이 살았던 시기인 명대는 철학에서부터 문학ㆍ예술의 각 영역에 이르기까지 개성을 중시 하고, 性靈의 표현과 性情을 담아내고 복고를 반대하는 이른바 ‘개성해방 사조’가 출현하기 시작하였 다. 이에 程朱理學과 문학에서의 ‘前後七子’의 복고주의 사조가 비판을 받기 시작하였다. 이런 시대적 상황에서 항목은 왕희지를 중심으로 ‘書統’을 통해 서예가 갖는 공능성을 유가 윤리 사상과 서예의 심 미사상을 연계 통일시켰다. 항목은 󰡔書法雅言󰡕, ｢品格｣에서 書家들의 등급을 正宗, 大家, 名家, 正源, 放流로 나누고 있다. 본고 는 항목이 제기한 正宗觀의 의미를 ‘고금회통’, ‘중화미’, 종심소욕의 경지에서 규구에 부합되어 ‘天然 스런 逸氣’를 유가 미학적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 아울러 時中之道를 실천하고 ‘지난 과거 성인의 업적 을 계승하여 미래 후학들의 학문세계를 열어준다[繼往聖, 開來學]’는 유가 도통관의 서예적 적용인 서통관을 정종관의 본질과 관련지어 밝혔다. 中和를 강조하는 항목은 서예에서도 心正과 時中의 중 화미를 중시한다. 이러한 유가의 道統說에 바탕 한 서예의 정종관은 결국 서예는 우아한 아름다움을 담아내야 한다는 그의 전형적인 유가 미학적 사유가 반영된 것이다.