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Purpose: This study examined self-efficacy, emotional labor, and health promoting behaviors. It also investigated factors affecting health promoting behaviors of nurses working for tertiary and general hospital. Methods: Between June and July 2013, a convenience sample of 233 subjects was collected from 2 tertiary hospitals and 4 general hospitals. The data analysis was done with ANOVA, t-test and stepwise multiple regression. Results:　 Emotional labor of the subjects was slightly lower than that of other nurses and the average level of health promoting behaviors was lower than the median. Health promoting behaviors were differentiated by education, hospital type, and monthly income. Self-efficacy showed positive correlation with HPLP-Ⅱ, but emotional labor showed negative correlation with self-efficacy and HPLP-Ⅱ. The most significant factor affecting health promoting behaviors was self regulation(16.3%). The combination of self regulation, attentiveness to required display rules, BSN, preference to task difficulty, and monthly income(≥300) accounted for 25.4% of health promoting behavior. Attentiveness to required display rules was a negative factor of HPLP-Ⅱ. Conclusion: When developing health promotion programs for nurses, self-efficacy should be considered and further research is needed to identify mediating variables between emotional labor and health promoting behaviors.