earticle

영어

The aim of this study is to identify how different types of background music (silence, children’s songs, classical music and gospel hymns) influence children’s personality development and painting expressions. The subjects included 80 children, no older than 5 years, who go to childcare centers operated by christian institutions in Seoul. They were assigned to four different groups of 20 each: the silence group, the children’s song group, classical music group and the gospel group. The study topics were as follows: 1) how different types of background music affect the personality development (i.e., basic habits, self-identity, sense of community, sociality, physical development); 2) how different music types affect the painting expressions on the representation, exploration and art levels; and 3) if personality attributes are represented in paintings that are different by music types. The study was conducted in the order of preliminary research, subject selection, pre-test, experiment, post-test, and result analysis. The result is as follows: first, in the examination of how different music types influence children’s personality development, the gospel group scored higher in the post-test of basic habit development than in the pre-test, showing a statistically significant difference. Second, the post-test of self-identity development of the gospel group also scored higher than the pre-test and thus showed a statistically significant difference. Third, the children’s song and gospel groups delivered a meaningful difference in the development of the sense of community, while the other two groups showed no significant difference. Fourth, no significant difference was found with regard to the physical development in all groups. Fifth, the children’s song and the gospel groups scored higher in sociality development than the silence or the classical music groups. Sixth, in the examination of how different music types influence children’s painting expression, none of the groups showed a significantly different result in the test of the representation level. Seventh, the classical music and the gospel groups showed a statistically meaningful difference in the test of the exploration level, with the average score of tenth test higher than the first one. This indicates that classical music and gospel have effects on the exploration level of children’s painting expressions. Eighth, with regard to the art level of the painting expressions, there was no significant difference between the silence, the children’s song and the gospel groups. Only the classical music group showed a significant difference, with the average score of tenth test higher than the first one. This shows that the classical music influenced the art level of children’s painting expressions with a statistical significance. Ninth, with respect to the personality attributes identified in the painting expression made different by music types, 6, 6 and 11 personality attributes were found in the children’s song, the classical music and the gospel groups respectively. This study confirmed that different music types influence children’s personality development and painting expressions. Gospel affected the development of children’s basic habits, self-identity and the sense of community and sociality, while children’s songs influenced their sociality and sense of community. With regard to the painting expressions, gospel influenced the exploration level while classical music influenced the exploration and art levels. Such result shows that gospel has positive effects on personality development of children.

한국어

인간은 태어나면서부터 다양한 음악에 노출되어 그 영향을 받으며 성장하게 된다. 이러한 음악적 환경은 유아의 인성발달에도 영향을 줄 것이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 배경음악 유형에 따른 유아의 인성과 그림표현의 차이를 검증하 는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 서울시에 소재하고 기독교기관에서 운영하고 있는 어 린이집 만 5세 유아 80명을 네 집단으로 구성하고 각 집단별로 20명씩 10회기 프로그램을 실시하였다. 유아들에게 1회기 30분 동안 무음, 동요, 클래식, 복음 성가를 들려주고 음악유형이 유아의 인성발달의 하위덕목인 기본생활습관 형 성, 자아확립, 공동체의식, 신체발달, 사회성 발달의 차이를 알아보았다. 또한 유아들이 배경음악을 들으면서 자연스럽게 인물화를 그리게 한 후 그 그림을 표 상수준, 탐색수준, 예술성 수준으로 분석하였다. 그리고 유아가 그린 그림 속에 서 인성적 속성이 어떻게 나타났는지에 대해 점수를 부여하여 그림표현과 인성 발달의 관계를 증명하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 유아의 인성발달은 클래식과 복음성 가를 들려주었을 때 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 그림표현은 클래식 음악이 탐색수준과 예술성수준에 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 인성적 속성 은 복음성가 집단에서 자아확립속성이 11개가 나타났고, 동요집단과 클래식 집 단에서는 기본생활습관 속성이 각각 6개씩 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 음악유형 이 유아의 인성발달에 영향을 미친다는 근거를 제공하여 준 것이다.