earticle

영어

There are many words to express “Fear” in Nihonshoki(日本書紀) as ｢恐｣, ｢懼｣, ｢畏｣, ｢怖｣, ｢惶｣, and ｢憚｣. When comparing those words in the Chosun related articles with non-related articles, it is appeared that they were used for the different objects or situations. In the Chosun related articles, they were used as the following objects. ｢恐｣, ｢怖｣- circumstances, ｢懼｣- actions, ｢畏｣- God, Ten-no(天皇) and Death, ｢惶｣- just Ten-no(天皇), ｢憚｣- lacking of revenence. However, there is a significant difference on usage of them to the words in non-Chosun related articles. In the case of idioms, those words in the Chosun related articles were limited to use for only God and Tenno(天皇), two Gods at that time, comparing with non-related articles. In addition, ｢悚｣ was also seen which means extream fears. However, there was no unity of objects but just used as the sole means in non-related articles. Therefore, it can be said if the basis is on Chosun related articles, the differences of the object are substantially clear.