earticle

영어

One of modern shifts on the traditional maritime views was awareness of the right of navigation in regard to the competition with the West. In older days, shipping meant the transport of the dynasty's resources to the capital especially by the ocean route, but entering modern times, was extended to include the transport of passengers and materials. This article, centering on the open ports as shown on the previous studies, paid attention to several backgrounds of the activated modern shipping industry, rather than actual state of the shipping industry based on statistics of the maritime customs. This treatise dealt with three main points: First, the rise of pirates in China's southeast coasts and process of the Royal Navy's clean-up; Second, how the foreign steamships entered into China at the time when sailboats tended to change to steamships; Third, the process of the rise of China's shipping industry as the central route of the transport industry changed to the ocean from the river. This treatise, examining development of the shipping industry and Chinese awareness of rights owing to the West's violation of right of navigation, sought to shed light on one aspect of change of their perception of the ocean.