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Background: This study was conducted to investigate the symptom prevalence rate of performance-related musculoskeletal pain and therapy of professional women flute players. Methods: The study subjects were 88 professional women flute players in Korea. The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal pain and related factors, including demographic factors, occupational factors, psychosocial factors, and the practice and performance-related behavior of 88 professional women flute players in Korea, were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Results: 73.9% of the subjects had more than 10 years of playing experience. 80.6% of the flute players answered that they have a typical right and straight playing position; 80.6% of people believe they need correct playing posture. 81.8% of the subjects experience musculoskeletal playing-related pain. Due to the pain, 79.2% of people experience discomfort while they are playing. The main areas where they experience pain are in the right shoulder (21.4% of people) and in the left shoulder (17.3% of people). The causes of playing-related pain are the same playing posture for 37.0% of people, improper playing posture for 32.4% of people, and excessive exercise for 12.0% of the people. To relieve pain, participants mainly use self-management (45.8%), oriental medicine clinics or hospitals (26.7%), and Western-style clinics or hospitals (19.2%). The ways of self-treatment and self-management are stretching and exercise (38.9%), massage (22.8%), and relaxation (17.2%). In order to treat and manage playing-related pain themselves, 81.8% of participants answered that they need professional body posture correction and management education. The areas of professional training and education that participants desire are posture correction and body management (43.2%), stretching (29.7%), exercise therapy (20.0%), and meditation or breathing (7.1%). Conclusion: This study suggests that professional women flute players are a group that have a high risk of musculoskeletal pain. Performing art-related medical therapy might be helpful to prevent and provide therapy for musculoskeletal pain in professional women flute players.