earticle

영어

This study attempted to infer the methods of producing and setting Jikji types and their shapes by analyzing the traces of types in Jikji. Major findings are as follows: 1) Jikji types were metal movable types produced by the wax casting method, with a matrix carved into soft materials such as wax, using manuscripts as the base. 2) Jikji type was carved in full shape on the face of characters, and its side was not square, and showed irregular patterns. 3) Jikji type was approximately 5mm high, and set by the method of attaching with printing wax. 4) The printing plate had fixed margins and vertical lines, and two metal plates in which a center title, chapters and pages could be assembled, were alternately used for printing. 5) Jikji types were first cast for the purpose of printing certain books. However, Jikji was not the first book for which these types were cast and used. 6) The techniques of casting, typesetting, and printing with Jikji types were not very efficient.

한국어

｢直指｣의 자적을 분석하여 직지활자의 제작방법․활자의 형태․조판방법 등을 추적하 였다. 1) 직지활자는 저본을 이용하여, 밀랍 등의 연한 재질에 어미자를 조각하여, 밀랍주조법 으로 주조한, 금속활자였다. 2) 직지활자의 형태는 동체의 문자면에 문자를 가득 차도록 조각하였으며, 측면은 방정 하지 않은 불규칙한 형태였다. 3) 직지활자는 높이가 5mm 정도로, 인납을 이용한 부착식 방법으로 조판하였다. 4) 인판은 광곽․계선이 고착되어 있고, 판심제․권차․장차를 조립한 두 장의 금속제 인판을 번갈아 사용하였다. 5) 직지활자는 최초로 인출하고자 했던 서적에 나타난 문자를 위하여 주조한 목적성 활자였다. 그러나 ｢직지｣가 그 첫 인쇄대상은 아니었다. 6) 직지활자는 주조기술․조판기술․인출기술 등의 인쇄기술 수준이 그다지 능률적이지 못하였다.