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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors leading to alcoholic relapse and provide the theoretical basis for alcoholic relapse prevention. Methods: The subjects of this study were 220 alcoholic in-patients who had been diagnosed with alcoholic abuse or alcohol dependence, as classified in DSM-Ⅳ, and admitted more than two times into psychiatric hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. A questionnaire survey was conducted from January 7 to February 16, 2013. Results: The results after survey-data analysis were as follows:First, the withdrawal symptoms had a direct effect on alcohol expectancy, but the symptoms had no effect on the self-efficacy. Second, the alcohol insight had no effect on the alcohol expectancy, but it had a direct effect on the self- efficacy. Third, the alcohol expectancy had a direct effect on the self-efficacy. Fourth, the withdrawal symptoms had an indirect effect on alcoholic relapse, and the alcohol insight had both direct and indirect effects on the relapse. Finally, the alcohol expectancy had direct and indirect effects on the alcoholic relapse, and the self-efficacy had a direct effect on the relapse. Conclusion: Self-efficacy was verified as the mediation between the alcohol insight, expectancy and alcoholic relapse, but the alcohol expectancy was not verified as the mediation between the withdrawal symptoms, self- efficacy and alcoholic relapse.