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This article explores the intertextuality between literature and philosophy. Deleuze has utilized Bergson's discovery of the pure past to arrive at his own very creative time-image. Proust and Beckett have also been greatly influenced by Bergson's theory of memory in formulating their own idea of the relationship between memory and subjectivity. Deleuze, in turn, interprets and explores the literary world of both writers applying his 'critical and clinical' theory of literature the formulation of which attests to the Bergsonian ideas of difference and vitalism.
After briefly introducing Begson's theory of pure recollection and Deleuzian metaphor of time, ie. the crystals of time, the article compares the literary and artistic style of Proust and Beckett. Deleuze finds the literary expression of a virtual past in Proust: Combray surges forth within the present taste of the madelaine. But that combray is itself a difference, not the Combray as experienced in the past, but an essence of Combray. In "The Exhausted" Deleuze discusses Beckett's image in terms of exhausting the possible. The article argues that the Beckettian 'pure image' in ... but the clouds...is a virtual(recollection) image which has never been present.
It is a pure intensity, a difference, a 'light', a life above, which "appears in all its singularity, retaining nothing of the personal, nor of the rational, and ascending into the indefinite as into a celestial state."