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Jackendoff (1989) contains an analysis of the meaning of the verb climb in terms of preference rules. In such an analysis, we can define a given use of a word as more ‘prototypical’ if more of the “preference rules” are satisfied in the situation in which the word is used. In his two frame semantics articles, Fillmore (1982, 1985) suggests another analysis of ‘prototype effects’ of the kind Rosch (1981) studies. The question in part of this paper is, what would be the analysis of climb in a frame semantics approach? How does it account for the relative prototypicality of the uses of the word climb?
It has frequently been discussed (e.g., Austin 1964) that a word like imitation does not semantically modify a noun in the standard ‘set intersection’ way. For example, something correctly described as imitation coffee looks and tastes like coffee; but, whatever it is, it is not made of coffee beans. (Fillmore 1982: 133) The second half of this paper will discuss the so-called syncategorematic terms like imitation, which do not work like other noun modifiers.