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The purpose of this paper is to study Thoreau's rhetoric arts, especially in his Walden. Most of the argument of Walden are presented in the first two chapters - ‘Economy’ and ‘Where I Lived and What I Lived for’. The rest of Walden exhibits somewhat a different tone - conciliation and poetic evocation, while maintaining an undercurrent of argument. It is found that paradoxes, word-plays, the creation of personae, audience and narrator ‘I’, the persuasive power by analogy, descriptions in detail, attacking the inconsistencies of foils and etc. are used as the rhetoric tools. By a paradoxical introduction of Walden Thoreau made his readers acquainted with their mode of life; and he let paradoxes present his propositions that he gradually amplified with concrete detail or developed with further propositions. He used argumentative paradoxes along with other rhetoric tools to urge his readers to choose whether the sham of traditional thoughts and the blindness of material civilization, or the communion with spiritual inner-light of self with the simple and serene life. Along with word-plays, they are used to have ‘agreeable surprise’ and ‘vitality’ occur in the readers' mind as well as in his writing, to divert them from the lethargy of conventional thought. He used analogy and satirical attacks of the inconsistencies to lend authenticity to his argument. Thoreau created personae, the well-defined audience synecdochically typified by the men of the conventional civilization and the individual characters as representative sampling of the culture, who serve as foils for the narrator's wit. He also projected himself, the narrator ‘I’ into a persona characterized as a shrewd yankee with good principle, good will and good sense, so that he can be acceptable to the audience, create a rapport with them. By all these means he makes his argument persuasive and credible. And all the rhetorical tools are interrelated one another to serve the purpose to support the paradoxical proposition, ‘the less, the more’, materially poor but mentally rich.