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The article analyzes the characteristics of learning Russian as a Foreign Language in natural language conditions and outside of lingual environment. In condition of lingual environment where the language as a subject acts as a natural repeater of foreign cultural reality, the learning process gets to focus on familiarizing a foreigner to the conceptual system of Russian language society and is realized in three ways: 1) updating and correction of existing ethnic and cultural knowledge of the Russian language person (mentality, stereotypes, values of orientation​​); 2) communication of a previously unknown culturural ang pragmatic knowledge of Russian lingual community (mode of behavior and ways of expressing it, the formula of speech etiquette); 3) a conscious comparison of similarities and differences in Russian and native culture in intercultural context. Regardless of the language environment, learning strategy in Russian as a foreign language is modified, where methodological principles of minimization and careful selection of language and speech material, use of broad visibility in the learning process, consideration of difficulties in learning of the national audience, native language and culture of the students become basic. In this case, the teaching of Russian language should be constructed in such a way that it would embody the basic thesis of the traditional Russian method along with taking into account national and cultural characteristics of students without radically changing the current educational system.