earticle

영어

This study is designed to identify factors that affect happiness of the elderly by studying residential environments and individual personalities as independent variables, and happiness of the elderly as a dependent variable. Data from the survey of Ministry of Health and Welfare conducted in 2008 were used for the analysis. The subjects of the study included a sample of 10,115 respondents who represent aged 65 and older in Korea. The result of analysis was as follows; First, the ratio of the elderly who are living in the House(62.1%) was higher than those of apartments(25.0%), whereas happiness of the elderly who are living in the House(2.14) was lower than those of apartments(2.28). Second, the ratio of single elderly household who are living alone or living with spouse only was 70.6%, whereas the ratio of living with grown-up children was only 29.4% of the elderly. The result means responsibility for supporting the elderly have to move from their family to their society. Third, the factors affecting on elderly' happiness in the individual personalities were age, education level, economic level, and health status. Finally, the happiness of elderly significantly related to convenience of housing, living arrangement, home ownership, region of living, and local safety in the residential environments.

한국어

본 연구는 주거환경요소를 중심으로 노인의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 파악하고자 수행하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인들은 아파트보다 단독주택에 더 많이 살고 있었으나 노인의 행복감은 아파트에 거주하는 노인이 단독주택에 거주하는 노인보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 노인의 가구형태는 자녀와 떨어져 노인들만 사는 부부가구와 독거가구가 70%를 넘어서고 자녀동거가구가 30%미만에 그치고 있어, 이제 노인의 주거문제는 가족을 넘어서 사회의 책임이 커지고 있다. 셋째, 노인의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 개인특성요소에서는 경제수준이 가장 큰 결정요인이었으며, 다음으로 건강상태, 학력, 성별 순인 것으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 노인의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 주거환경관련 요인으로는 주택편리성이 가장 큰 결정요인이었으며 가구형태, 입주형태, 거주지역, 지역안전성 등이 유의적인 요인으로 나타났다.