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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nursing professionalism and career identity on nursing students' career preparation behavior. Methods: Data were collected from 388 students by self-reported questionnaires consisted of nursing professionalism, career identity, and career preparation behavior from May 7 to May 25, 2012. The SPSS 18.0 Window program was used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson`s correlational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score of nursing professionalism, career identity, and career preparation behavior was 3.76, 2.59, and 2.38 respectively. There were positive correlations between nursing professionalism and career identity, between career preparation behavior and nursing professionalism, and between career preparation behavior and career identity. Nursing professionalism and career identity were significant predictors of career preparation behavior. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a comprehensive intervention program to improve the nursing professionalism and career identity for inducing the effective career preparation behavior in nursing students.