earticle

영어

It is a common practice that Korean literary men of the Choson Dynasty and Chinese literary men of the Qing Dynasty often gathered together in Beijing to unburden their intimate thoughts. To honor mutual friendship, they painted the scene of their banquet and exchanged the pictures (雅會圖). Often, the Chinese literary men made Korean literary men presents of paintings and calligraphic works, and vice versa. The exchange of paintings and calligraphic works between Korean and Chinese literary men was active, and it was a symbol of friendship and a way to show off their great network. In many cases, the exchanges of paintings and calligraphic works were carried out without remuneration. However, it was not true that all exchange was carried out without pay, as can be seen from the case of a Chinese literary man, Zhou Tang (周棠). Zhou showed a very different pattern of the exchange of paintings. Zhou, like other Chinese literary men, exchanged his paintings with Korean literary men as a token of friendship. However, Zhou also traded his artworks with Korean literary men to make a living. Zhou might not be the only Chinese literary men who traded their artworks during the Qing Dynasty. I argue that Zhou is the miniature of the poor Chinese literary men who struggled to earn a living. Through reconstructing a full picture of what happened between Korean and Chinese literary men during the Choson Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, mostly based on the unique style of exchange of paintings and calligraphic works of Zhou with Oh Kyeongseok (吳慶錫), a Korean literary man, I argue that poor Chinese literary men carried out profit-oriented exchange of artworks with Korean literary men who visited Beijing, whilst the majority of the contemporary Chinese literary men exchanged their artworks with Korean literary men as a token of friendship.

한국어

청나라의 中士와 조선의 韓士가 北京에서 만나 그동안 쌓였던 회포를 푸는 것이 그 무렵의 관례였다. 서로 간의 友誼를 기념하기 위해 함께 연회를 즐기는 모습을 담은 雅會圖를 제작하여 서로 선물하기도 하였고 中士가 韓士한테, 혹은 韓士가 中士한테 書畵를 부탁한 후 선물로 증정하곤 하였다. 이러한 書畵交遊는 그들간의 친분의 징표이자 자신의 넓은 인맥을 과시하는 수단이기도 했다. 많은 경우 中士와 韓士의 書畵交遊는 친분과시용으로서 돈거래가 없이 이루어졌다. 그러나 모든 書畵交遊가 무상 贈呈만으로 이루어졌던 것은 아니다. 中士 周棠과 같은 경우는 아주 독특한 書畵交遊 양상을 보여주었다. 周棠도 다른 中士들과 마찬가지로 전형적인 書畵交遊 形式인 <友誼의 贈呈>을 취하였다. 하지만 周棠은 <생계형 書畵去來>를 하기도 했다. 당시 청나라에 생계형 中士가 어찌 周棠 한 사람뿐이었겠는가. 周棠은 생계형 中士계층의 縮影이었다. 본 논문은 中士 周棠과 韓士 吳慶錫의 독특한 書畵交遊 形式을 통하여 청나라의 생계형 中士들이 北京에 온 韓士들과 <友誼의 書畵贈呈>을 했을 뿐만 아니라 금전을 매개로한 <생계형 書畵去來>도 했을것이라 추리해본다.