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영어

In the classic manors of four estates located at the central part of the Paris Basin, although basic labor services took the form of mixture, generally allotment-labor service which had been the original mode of tenants' labor services from freeman was dominant. On the other hand, corvées were much more imposed on freeman's holdings than slave's holdings and the burden tended to be heavier in the former than in the latter. However, in the estate of the early 9th century which was situated on the west side of the Seine River, the burden of labor services imposed on peasants of classic manors grew greatly owing to the combination of allotment-labor service and week-labor service. On the contrary, in the estates of the middle and late 9th century located east of th river, the burdens of services were much lightened because the basic service was composed of only allotment-service. Such difference wasn't derived from geographical conditions, but from temporal change that was lightening peasants' burden because week-services disappeared or diminished and the mode of allotment-oriented services was built up from the early part of 9th century to the later of the same century. Geographically the estate of St. Remi monastery situated in the upper Champagne shows backwardness with having the highest proportion of slave's holdings and the most characteristics of original labor services proper to slave condition among four estates. It is supposed that this was resulted from the fact that this area is near to ancient Germania. By and large, the mode of labor services and the obligation were similar among the classic manors of the same estate regardless of distance, whether near or far. But it's not always so. They could be different in case manor was located in such far and heterogeneous region as upper Champagne.