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1. Growth and structure of the older population: The number and distribution of elderly persons has been undergoing changes since 1950. To better explain the changes there is a need to examine historical patterns that led these transformations. The number of elderly population grew by 35.4 thousand in the last 30 years while it increased by 8.8 per cent in 1979-1989 years, by 15.3 per cent in 1989-2000 and by ¾ in the last 10 years. As per 2010 Population and Housing census the population pyramid considerably narrows at part showing the number of population aged 60 and above. This is linked with the factors mentioned earlier. Very few number or hardly visible blot at the top of the pyramid standing for the population aged 80. 2. Aging index and trend of young and older dependency ratios: Aging index: It reflects how many of 100 children under the age 15 can survive to the age of 60 and above. The sex ratio of the Mongolian population is likely reduced because it fell from 79 in 2000 to 75 in 2010. As for the elderly the sex ratio remains to be lower than the national average which in its turn can be explained by continuously higher life expectancy of females as opposed to males. 3. Median age of elderly is decreasing in 2010 compared with 2000 is linked with that a number of elderly is decreasing compared with previous 10 year period. 4. A selected indicator showing the changes in population’s age distribution is population dependency ratio. This demonstrates the ratio of dependents to 100 persons (0-14 year old children and 60 and over year old person) and breadwinners (15-59 year old persons) is significant in determining the impact of demographic factors on economic development. Population dependency ratio fell by 20.7 points respectively in 2010 compared to 2000. The number of dependents is less by 20 persons in the last 11 years including by 20 for children. This means that the number of dependents per 100 persons of working age has been reducing by more than 1/5 in the last decade. Due to lower fertility in recent years the child dependency ratio is likely to decline.