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영어

The Swollen Hourglass-drum Shaped Stone Lanterns have often been compared with those showing a more traditional figure with the octagonal body, resulting in controversies over their formal difference and the time periods when they were built. In this study, the lanterns are classified into two types based on the number of "light windows" and the shapes, cylindrical and octagonal, of the central pillar. Other elements such as the supports of the central pillar and the "fire chamber" as well as the decoration with the cloud motifs are also considered to arrange a chronological order of their construction. A research of the elements revealed that the lanterns in Silsangsa Temple is the oldest followed in order by those in the Gaeseonsa Temple Site, Jingusa Temple Site, Seollimwon Temple Site, Hwaeomsa Temple and, finally, Cheongnyangsa Temple. Meanwhile, an inscription on the lantern on the Gaeseonsa Temple site revealing that it was built in 868 helped researchers conjecture that the Silsangsa lantern was built between the 840s and 850s while the lantern of Jingusa Temple was erected in the same period as the Gaeseonsa lantern. The Hwaeomsa lantern was built either in 886 or 887 when Gakhwangjeon Hall was built or in the 880s, and the Cheongnyangsa lantern was between 890 and 920. It seems to be in 840 when Silsangsa Temple was renovated by Sucheol after the death of Hongcheok who had sought after the union between Seon and Hwaeom (Avatamsaka) that the stone lantern of a totally new style began to appear in Silsangsa Temple, marking a significant new step in the Buddhist art of Unified Silla. Sucheol introduced the lantern of a new style characterized by a drum-shaped body with cylindrical central pillar and the light chamber with eight windows probably because he considered it as a symbol of the harmony between the Gyo ("Textual") and the Seon ("Meditation") Schools and wanted it to help spread the newly introduced Seon Buddhism all across Silla. The following discussion is focused on the stone lanterns in Silsangsa Temple, Jingusa Temple Site and Gaeseonsa Temple Site under the belief that the similarity in the style of lanterns reflects not just an aesthetic but also a philosophical connection as well between these temples. As shown by its stone lantern and Buddha images retaining the same style as those of Silsangsa Temple, Jingusa Temple belonged to the Silsang School. It was also revealed that the name (▨休) inscribed on on the Memorial Stone of Buddhist Priest Jijeung at Bongamsa Temple is Gwanhyu (款休), that name of a pupil of Sucheol. Considering that Gaeseonsa (開仙寺) is the same temple as that (開禪寺) inscribed on the State Preceptor Hyegeo's monument standing in Garyangsa Temple, and the relationship between the royal family of Silla and Seon Buddhism in 868 when the stone lantern was erected and in 891 when land was purchased, the temple was affiliated with the Silsang School.