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영어

Cao Cao was depicted as a complicated character in the “Three Kingdoms” and then he became a typical character estimated with appreciation and criticism together. However, the description of the image of Cao Cao in this work is not more comprehensive than the previous studies. In this novel, before “Battle of Guan du” the writer mainly emphasized Cao Cao’s powerful and heroic image, but after “Battle of Guan du” his treacherousness more. This novel portrayed Cao Cao from different angles, one hand on his remarkable insight, superior wisdom, courage and generosity, and the other hand on his extremely cruelty, selfishness and arrogance. Cao Cao was different with other historical figures. In the history, Cao Cao gradually turned to be a treacherous hero. In Wei and Western Jin Dynasty, Cao Cao is orthodox and was respected by people. However, the image of Cao Cao gradually became a treacherous hero from Eastern Jin Dynasty. To the Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasty, this image of Cao Cao had widely left a deep impression, and then to the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Cao Cao had been identified as a treacherous hero who usurped power of Eastern Han Dynasty. The change had much to do with the current social environment, traditional culture and Blood Theory. Especially, the writer of this novel is one of Han-nationality intellectuals, who thought that Royal blood ran in Liu Bei’s veins and he ought to be the emperor whether he had ability much or not. The literary value of Cao Cao’s image, on the basis of history, consists in portraying the image of Cao Cao from many angles, especially, at the combinations of heroic and treacherous images, and historic truth and artistic truth. It brings out the character's inward world through description of details, and creates intelligent character successfully. Therefore, it has been one of most famous works in Chinese historic novels. the Cao Cao image was created more than thousand years, but a lot of people still infatuate it.

한국어

曹操는 ｢三國志演義｣에서 다면적이고 복합적으로 부각함으로써 호평과 악평이 엇갈리는 인물이다. 그러나 선행연구에서 이 작품에서의 조조형상은 소홀히 다루었다고 보아진다. 소설에서 조조는 官渡大戰까지는 奸보다는 雄에 치중했고 그 후로는 雄보다 奸에 치중했 다. 이 소설은 조조의 탁월한 안목과 식견, 출중한 지혜, 넓은 흉금과 용맹한 면을 부각하면서 도 이기적이고 잔인하며 교만한 성격을 동시에 부각하였다. 조조는 여타 역사인물과는 달리 역사적으로도 점차 奸雄으로 변모되었다는 점이 특이하다. 曹操는 魏와 西晉까지는 曹魏가 正統으로 인정되어 사람들의 존숭을 받았다. 그러나 東晋 때부터 점차 奸雄으로 변모되기 시작했고 北宋과 南宋에 이르러서는 더욱 널리 각인되었으 며 明淸에 이르러서는 완전히 찬탈자, 간웅으로 전락되었다. 이러한 변모에는 그 당시의 사회 상황과 중국의 전통문화, 血統論이 크게 작용했을 것으로 본다. 조조형상의 문학사적 가치를 짚어보면, ｢三國志演義｣에서 조조형상은 역사적 진실성과 예 술적 진실성을 획득했다는 점, ‘雄’과 ‘奸’의 조화를 이루었다는 점, 상세한 세부묘사로 인물의 내면을 두드러지게 표현하였다는 점, 특히 智能型 인물을 성공적으로 부각했다는 점에서 문 학사에서 한 획을 그을 만큼 뛰어난 역사소설로 자리매김하고 있다. 그러므로 조조형상은 천 여 년이 지난 오늘날까지도 독자들을 매료시켜 열광하게 하고 있다.