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These experiments were carried out to determine the optimal culture conditions for nine collected strains of Lyophyllum decastes(Fr.:Fr.)Sing. Bottle cultivation was used as a technique to characterize and develop new substrates as possible substitutes of sawdust. Nine kinds of Lyophyllum decastes were selected SPA 202 and SPA 205 fungus that mycelium grow fast and have high density. All cultures were incubated on Burke compost for 20 days. Growth of hyphae was optimal at temperatures between 20-25℃ and pH of 5.0-6.0. The best nutrient additives tested were lactose, yeast extract and MgSO4- 7H2O as carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral salt respectively. Collected strains of Lyophyllum decastes were incubated for 7 to 20 days after inoculation on agar medium followed by 45 to 75 days on sawdust substrate. The ideal optimal moisture percentage in sawdust media was 65%. The optimal species used was Quercus aliena , followed by Populus deltoides. Addition of 10% of Rice bran to Quercus aliena sawdust makes mycelial growth fast. Spawn running on the fermented sawdust media required 50 days at 20 to 25℃ and another 7 more days after covering the media with soil for promoting formation of fruitbodies. This was followed by cultivation for 10 to 11 days at 17 to 18℃ for initiation and 7 to 8 days for development of fruitbodies. The length of pilei and stipes which were harvested in optimal stage showed 60㎜ and 67㎜, respectively. Yields of strain SPA 202 grown on fermented sawdust medium could be up to 130g. The yields of strain Lyophyllum decastes used for fermented composition sawdust was the most appropriate recording 86% among them especially in SPA 202 artificial cultivation. Among 14 pleurotus eryngii , to identify the similarity ITS sequences and RAPD polymorphism are analyzed. ITS region sequences of 14 strains ,which have similar reqion sequences SPA 100, 101, 102 belong to Hypsizygus . 11strains belong to Lyophyllum decastes group. After classify 3 subgroup genus relationships among is analyzed. To analyzing diversity of artificial cultivated mushroom, after RAPD analysis excellent strains SPA 202 and SPA 203 show 75% similarity and pleurotus eryngii of Lyophyllum decastes SPA 103 and SPA 104 show 65%. As a result , SPA 202 which is cultivated in nature is estimated to Lyophyllum decastes by molecular biology method.