earticle

영어

A Comparative Study of Dengu Maturi and Gangneung Dano-je Dengu has taken different shapes and contained different characteristics according to the change of the times since it began to appear as mystified and imaginary figure with the form of a bird that flies using its wings. Such an image of dengu was more concretely systematized in Gonjaku Monogatarishu, published during the Heian period. In the Middle Age of Japan, dengu takes the form of a long and red nose pilgrim of the religious sect Shugendo. In modern times, it was portrayed as a stunned and humorous figure who is easily deceived by men. Despite the evolution of the forms, it has one same pattern: it always flies using wings. Shugendo is a highly syncretic religious sect where the ascetics are engaged in supernatural practices in the mountains, and the mountains are related with dengu. In the Middle Age, dengu was identified with yamabushi(literally: "One who hides in the mountains"), or Japanese mountain ascetic hermits, and dengu is known to have dwelled in the mountains where the ascetics of Shugendo was practicing. The ascetics of Shugendo were either the practitioners of dengu or dengu themselves. This paper is aimed at comparatively analyzing the five traditions: Shugendo born as a combination of Shinto and Buddhism of Japan; Dengu Maturi(the Long Red-nosed Festival) in Goumarusan ; a Korean religion of the guardian spirits of a mountain; a Korean religious sect mixing Shamanism and Buddhism ; and the Gangneung Dano-je(the Dano festival indigenous to Gangneung)as a mixture of various religions. Buddhism was naturalized in Japan in the form of the mixture with Shinto, while it was mixed with Shamanism in korea. The outcome of this study is that both dengu matsuri and the Gangneung Dano-je have been transformed and deeply permitted in the history and the cultures of the respective nations along with Buddhism they imported.

일본어

天狗は時代によって各々違う形態と性格を持つのが特徵で、はじめは羽で飛行する鳥の形の神秘化された妖怪であった。このような天狗のイメージは平安時代の『今昔物語集』で確認できる。 中世には修驗道の行者の姿をして鼻が大きく赤い顔の天狗が現れて、近世になって人間に騙されて間抜けな諧謔的存在に表現されていた。このように時代によって天狗の形態が変化されたが、羽を着けて空を飛ぶという性格は一貫している。修験道は山岳での修行を通じて、超自然的能力を體得する宗敎であるが、修験道の山は天狗と關係がある。中世は天狗と山伏が一體化され、修験道が修行する山に天狗が住んでいると知られている。 修験道の行者は天狗を使っている者であったり、その自體が天狗という。 本論文では日本の神佛習合の展開の中で生まれた修験道、光丸山の天狗祭りと韓國の山神信仰、巫佛習合、このような信仰の混合祝祭である江陵端午祭を比較して考察してみた。 佛敎が傳來して神佛習合の形態で日本に、巫佛習合の形態として韓國に根付いたのである。 本論文の成果は仏教が傳來され、両國の歷史と文化に適切に變形された形態で現存している天狗祭りと江陵端午祭について考察したのである。