earticle

영어

This paper attempts to analyse the rise of the British National Party, a far-right political party in the UK, in terms of its criticism of multiculturalism. Since 2001 BNP, a minor political party in the UK, has rapidly grown in an electoral system which favours two main parties. The BNP was founded in 1982 following a split within the National Front. Until 1999, when Nick Griffin took over the leadership of the BNP and began ‘modernising’ the party, it was regarded a minor fascist party.
Since 2000 anti-multiculturalism has become a central tenet of BNP ideology. The BNP has argued that multiculturalism serves to marginalise the indigenous population at the expense of immigrants and minority ethnic groups. Following the September 11 attacks in the US and the July 7 attacks in London, the BNP started attracting rapidly growing levels of support that soon reached unprecedented heights. The electoral success of the BNP resulted from the support of the white-working class who felt increasingly cut off from the Labour party which was under the leadership of Blair.
Along with modernisation the BNP appeared to be distancing itself from its earlier fascist activities. The shift from racial to cultural threats also led the party to devote more energy to mobilising anti-Muslim sentiment. However, the BNP soon revealed its stand on scientific racism emphasising racial differences, and gave this as a reason why immigrants could not be accepted within the British nation. In fact, the BNP has stood on the tradition of racial fascism. In the local elections of 2012, the BNP failed to gather votes and, according to the media, the BNP‘s electoral success was over; Griffin’s strategy of modernisation lay in ruins. The BNP failed to attract large numbers of middle-class voters, women, and young people. It appeared that the BNP‘s raciest ideology alienated the voters. On the other hand, new extreme-right wing parties like the UKIP and EDL started gaining popularity. The BNP paved the way for the emergence of the new right-wing groups.

한국어

본 연구는 영국 민족주의를 지향하고 있는 BNP의 정치적 활동과 성장이 다문화주의에 대한 비판과 밀접한 관계가 있다는 차원에서 분석해 보고자 한 다. 먼저 본 연구는 인종주의와 이민문제에 대한 BNP의 정책변화 과정에 초 점을 두고 BNP의 역사를 간략히 살펴볼 것이다. BNP가 반대세력들의 맹렬 한 공격에도 불구하고 2002년부터 2010년까지 지방선거에서 두각을 나타내 는 과정과 원인을 분석해 볼 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 다문화주의 정책에 대한 BNP의 입장과 이를 반대하는 BNP의 담론을 분석할 것이고, BNP와 영국 극 우정당들의 미래를 생각해 보고자 한다