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영어

This study is focused on the analysis of the rural discourse of Changjakgwabipyung in 1970s. Because of the result of industrialization, the urbanization of Korea was entering critical phase in 1970s. The urban area is not only the arena of struggle for existence but the collection point of harmful consequences of industrialization. Elite intellectuals thought it as two ways. First, it was the evils of westernization which was non-national. Second, it was a decadence
that was often characterized by commercialism, egoism and mammonism. The harmful consequences of industrialization had a bad effect on rural area as well as urban area. It was the city to destroy and degrade the rural area. Consequently city-country confrontation was emerging seriously.
But the country, otherwise city, was transformed into the subject of salvation to cure the corruption. In 1960s, the country was a symbol of backwardness and feudalism. But in 1970s, it was dramatically transformed into a angel of salvation.
The country was represented as a repository of national tradition and the peasant was symbolized as a core of people who was a core of nation in Changjakgwabipyung. As competition principle and life-style of capitalism were diffused into Korean society in 1970s, the discipline and value of community were weakened. Critical intellectuals of Korea intended to relieve the social confrontations and conflicts with nationalism and collectivism . It was similar to the policy of Park Chung-hee regime.
They thought the rural area and peasant as the remedy of industrialization decadence, it was an irony in terms of historical conjuncture that peasant and rural area were collapsing. But it was possible only under the condition which the collapse of rural area and peasant were inevitable. The virtue and glory of country and peasant should be represented not on the basis of now but on the past. Rural area and nation were between collapsing present and the discourse of salvation and two gazes of ruling elite and critical intellectual were crossing it.

한국어

≪창작과 비평≫지면에 나타난 민족담론은 박정희 체제의 그것과 묘하게 연결될 수 있는 것이었기에 비판적 지식인들은 체제의 민족주의와 구 분될 수 있는 대안이 필요했다. 이로부터 무차별적이고 동질적인 국민-민족 대신 지배-피지배, 계층적 차이가 부각될 수 있는 민중개념이 중요한 대안으 로 나타났다. 민중은 곧 민족의 실질적 핵심으로 상정되었는데 그 민중의 핵 심은 또 농민으로 설정되었다. 요컨대 농민은 민중-민족 계열의 핵심적 집단 주체로 재현된 것이었다.