earticle

영어

North Korea set up a “Juche, or Self-reliance Literary Theory” which puts an emphasis on Juche Ideology in the early 1970s. Kim Jong-il, North Korea's dear leader, proposed a “Seed Theory” as a key creative writing methodology for a juche literary theory. A “seed” here is the “nucleus” which is the central fact as well as an idealogical kernel of literary works as well. The reason why Kim Jong-il advocated the seed theory in that period of history is because that in the literary and art sector which functioned as an important ruling mechanism of his regime, he inserted a seed of “juche” in the literature and arts and attempted to make it play a right function which was capable of producing the pieces which were responsive to his regime and would contribute effectively to establishing a single system of North Korea. Also, as in that period in the political and social aspects, socialist countries in Eastern Europe were riding the waves of openness, North Korea tried to stick to its own independent system through such a seed theory in the aspect of culture. Afterwards, the seed theory worked as a key theory for “juche literary theory” and served as the principle for creating and evaluating the general literary pieces. Entering into the 2000s, the seed theory reappeared by Kim Jong-il as a part of “new thinking.” What the seed theory appeared as a principle for creation across the politics and society as a whole beyond literature is because that it is Kim Jong-il's independent ruling theory which connotes a view of his philosophy and also is a way through which North Korea would hold fast to and reproduce a seed of “juche ideology,” identity which the North Korea system requires. Therefore, North Korea is likely to continue to use this seed theory as a principle for creation across the political, social and economical spectrum as well as a mechanism for politic-social consent in the “speed battle” including its big group creation in the future.

한국어

북한은 1970년대 초반 주체사상을 중시하는 ‘주체문예이론’을 정립하였다. 김정일은 주체문예이론의 창작방법론으로 ‘종자론’을 제시하였는데, 여기서의 ‘종자’란 작품의 중심을 이루는 ‘핵’이며, ‘사상적 알맹이’이라고 정의하였다. 김정일이 이 시기에 종자론을 주장한 것은 체제의 중요한 통치기제로 작용하는 문학예술 분야에 있어, ‘주체’라는 종자를 삽입, 유일체계 확립에 있어 효과적으로 기여하는 체제 순응작품 생산에 순기능 역할을 하기 위한 것이다. 또한 정치사회적으로 이 시기는 동유럽 사회주의 국가들이 개방화의 물결을 타고 있어, 북한 나름의 독자체계를 고수하기 위한 문화적 대응의 측면이 있었다. 이후, 종자론은 ‘주체문학론’의 핵심이론으로 기능하며, 문예작품 일반의 창작 및 평가원칙으로 적용되었으며, 2000년대에 들어 다시 김정일에 의해 ‘신사고’라는 통치담론의 일환으로 등장하였다. 종자론이 문예분야를 넘어 정치사회 전반에 걸쳐 창조의 원칙으로 등장한 것은 종자론은 바로 김정일의 철학관이 함축된 독자적인 통치이론이고, 그것은 결국 북한 체제가 요구하는 정체성이기도 한 ‘주체사상’의 종자를 고수, 재생산하는 방식이기 때문이다. 따라서 북한은 향후에도 종자론을 정치·사회·경제 전반에 걸쳐 창조의 원칙으로, 대집단창작을 비롯한 '속도전' 등에 있어 정치사회적 동의기제로 사용할 것으로 보인다.