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영어

This study examines the existing studies on the life of Jajang, a famous Buddhist priest in Shilla, by focusing on two difficult problems; when he went to Tang dynasty and when he died. I illustrated that Jajang was a historical person in the period of the queens, Sunduck and Jinduck, of Shilla dynasty. I also indicated that his activities in the Odae Mountain in Tang were fabricated after his death. In this sense, I think that his study on religion of Munsu has to be re-illustrated whether it is based on 『Fo-sue Wunsushilybanniepanjing』(『佛說文殊師利般涅槃經』) or 『Whaenjing』(『華嚴經』). Regarding the year of his death, I only estimated that he wandered over the Odae Mountain and the Taeback Mountain in Shilla without staying in the capital city just before he died because of his philosophical confusion derived from the newly translated Sutra rather than the political reasons. Thus, I withhold the ascertainment on the exact year of his death. His position as a teacher of the Buddhist commandments is based on his efforts to regulate and settle the Sangha (religious fraternity) for male and female Buddhist priests. Especially, he organized the systematic form for the Buddhist ordination at Tongdo temple of Shilla. This provided the Shilla government with the opportunity to establish the first governmental organization to ordain the novice the Buddhist priest according to the Buddhist laws. He tried to stabilize the mind of Shilla people and strengthen the unity of Shilla people through Buddhism, as well as to supervise the Buddhist priests of Shilla, in order to overcome the invasion from Koguryo and Backje dynasty. He brought relics of Buddha when he returned from Tang dynasty and built the Sarira Stupas and Buddhist temples in the strategic areas. He actually developed a Buddhist model to protect the country. For instance, he was a person who realized the prediction on unification of the three dynasties (Shilla, Koguryo, and Backje), through the construction of the nine-story tower in Whangyong temple which had been asserted by the previous Buddhist priests including Anham. In addition, he argued to use the Chinese name of an era and Chinese official costume, and the King, Kim Chun-Chu, accepted his argument later. In sum, he was a practical Buddhist priest, as an expert in the field of international relations, who wanted Shilla dynasty to be a member of international community through the open-door policy.