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This article deals with the protestant reformers' ideas on women and how they've been applied through european society during Protestant Reformation in sixteenth century. Such reformers as Luther and Calvin thought that the women was created as child-bearers and nature of women had aptitude only for housewives. Protestant reformers believed that women should follow the vocation of mother and wife, as god was designed for them. Reformers' understandings for women were essentially based on patriarchy, and hardly different from their opponents like Roman catholic church. Reformation was considered as the revolutionary attempt to restore spiritual liberty and equality for every christian men and women by means of their religious principles, such as 'justification by the faith only' and 'priesthood of all believers.' Consequently, women's public involvements increased to a certain degree during early reformation era. Nevertheless, reformers like Luther and Calvin still considered women as weaker and inferior creature than men. These conventional understandings for women gradually reinforced when reformational novelties had faded with institutionalization and social discipline in later reformation. The patriarchy firmly settled into Reformation europe, and public arena was reserved exclusively for male members of society. Nevertheless, the vocation for mother and wife was not enough for some women, whose religious convictions led them to express women's spiritual liberty and equality by means of publishing and preaching. Katharina Schütz Zell (1497-1562) from Strasboug, Argula von Grumbach (1492-1563) from Bavaria, and Marie Dentière (1495-1561) from Geneva are regarded as best examples. However, protestant reformers did not accept their religious activities. Reformers like Luther and Calvin considered these female protestant vanguardists as hasty and dangerous. Female protestant reformers, not approved by the mainstream of the Reformation, could not leave their marks on history. No matter how much the Reformation challenged the catholic doctrine of salvation and changed human way of living, protestant reformers once again brought up one of the oldest control measures for society, the patriarchy.