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영어

This article examines Utsunomiya Tarō's (1861-1922) role in subduing the March First Movement of 1919 in Korea and tries to give an insight into Utsunomiya’s perceptions regarding Korea and its role as a Japanese colony. Utsunomiya was General-in-Command (gun shireikan) of the Japanese troops in Korea from 1918 to 1921 and thus he was in a crucial position for dealing with the March First Movement. Utsunomiya saw the movement as assemblies of “blind masses” following only a few leaders. Thus he tried to limit the use of violence against the masses. Nevertheless brutalization escalated, as can be seen in the Cheamni Massacre of April 15th 1919, when twenty-nine men were trapped inside a church that then was set on fire by Japanese troops, causing the men to burn alive. Arguing against the Western Missionaries who tried to make the allegedly barbaric behavior of the Japanese public in the world press, Utsunomiya himself wrote several memoranda and articles about his views on the Korean peninsula, working out strategies to “pull the Koreans over” to the Japanese side, all the while trying to defend himself and his troops against what happened in Cheamni. It will be argued that Utsunomiya, as a military-intellectual, played a crucial role in working out the basic guidelines of what was later to become institutionalized as the “Cultural Policy” (bunka seiji) of colonial rule in Korea, and also exercised a traceable influence on his superiors.

일본어

宇都宮太郎(1861-1922)は1918年から1921年まで朝鮮の軍司令官だった。三・一独立運動を鎮圧することが彼の責任であったが、当時、彼は毎日日記を詳しく書いたので、彼の日記を通して三・一独立運動の鎮圧過程をよく見ることができる。本稿でまず、宇都宮の生涯と彼の日記をどうみたかを紹介し、彼が三・一独立運動の鎮圧過程で受け持った役割について説明した。宇都宮は武力鎮圧を指導したにもかかわらず、朝鮮人との親密な交流を持っていたため、自分が朝鮮人の心やおかれた状況を把握していたと信じていた。その信頼を土台に、彼は暴力ではなく、改革の必要性を訴え、そのような思想を流布した。彼が書いた文からみた彼の思想と朝鮮に対する認識、すなわち宇都宮が｢文化政策｣に及ぼした影響を説明し、宇都宮の上司に対する影響力を調べた。