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“A Study on Literature and Depression: Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 38.3 (2012): 39-64. The aim of this study is to research the depressive illness presented in The Old Man and the Sea(1952) written by Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961). Why Ernest Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea? Because the typical signs of depression appear outwardly in Hemingway's life and transmit into The Old Man and the Sea, especially the hero Santiago. While Hemingway was writing and publishing The Old Man and the Sea, he seriously suffered from depression. So we can suppose there must be influences and traces of the author's depression in this novel. In the standpoint of this, this study researches depression, mental disease found in this nove-especially through sayings, daily life of Santiago and natural surroundings around the hero. Even though the research of pathography in literature may be inferior to that of medicine, this can find an unexpected prescription and treatment about human depression. Frankly speaking, this research will be more preliminary actions than prescription and treatment. It is here that we can grasp the very message about depression which medicine can never give. In conclusion, this study will show that depression as well as other mental illness is deeply rooted in human conditions and one of the existential problems which we must overcome. (Howon University)