earticle

영어

The purpose of this paper is to study and survey the causative construction with the view that English causatives differ from others in at least one type of causative constructions, that involves lexical and morphological causatives. There are only a few lexical causatives in English which are related in events but unrelated in surface forms. In Modern English, however there are a variety of deadjectival and denominal causative verbs which have fallen into this category with the loss inflections, and accordingly, which have the identical morphology with adjectives and nouns and even with intransitive. Therefore the so called morphological causatives with the affixes such as -ify, -ize, -en, en-, etc. cannot be all treated as causatives since some or not a few of these verbs are used both transitively and intransitively. Then these affixes which probably began to be used with the loss of other inflected forms must be treated as verbal affixes denoting diathesis alternation rather than causative affixes. In view of these idiosyncratic properties of English causatives, the present work classifies English causative construction into two types i.e., Type 1 and Type 2 ; the former includes the lexical and morphological causatives, and the latter corresponds to the traditional causatives. This distinction is based on the fact that both types with the underlying meaning CAUSE, presuppose two events, i.e., causing event and caused event, however their syntactic realization and the subsequent semantic implications differ from each other : in Type 1, the causing event and caused event are motivated and committed by the identical causer and syntactically realized in a single-predicate, while in Type 2 construction, two events are expressed in two separate predicates and ascribed to separate beings, i.e., causing event to causer and caused event to causee. An analysis to define causative construction and to identify and classify causative types is developed and their properties are investigated. English causative construction is syntactically divided into two types; the two causative types differ in syntactic realization as mentioned above, while when in both types can be identical in meaning. And it follows this distinction that in Type 1 causative construction eventuality, which is the major semantic property denoted by causer, is manipulative, which in Type 2 it is directive.