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From the Emperor to a King of the Protectorate, Vietnam from 1867 to 1885 Nho, Young-Soon Despite of the recent interests on the last emperor of Vietnam, little is written about Tu Duc. The overall image that emerges from the literature is negative and cursory: incompetence, weakness, and infirmity, which resulted in the loss of sovereignty, territory and people. This study recovers some of positive reaction to the France as well as China. First of all, the objective of this study is to examine the process of the broken monarchism in Vietnam during 1867-1885. This process is said to had run parallel with the estrangement process of the court officials. From this point, we can conclude the core of monarchism in Vietnam was the bureaucratic monarchism. The collapse of the bureaucratic monarchism turned an emperor of Vietnam into either a tool of court high-officials or a puppet of protectorate. To demonstrate these points, the contents of the study is composed of four chapters. Chapter one deals with the reform and opening up of Tu Duc. Chapter two covers the troubles in Bac Ky, which had serious consequences for the monarchism. Chapter three focus on the events from 1879 to 1884. The last chapter reflects the six kings in two years from 1883 to 1885, Tu Duc, Duc Duc, Hiep Hoa, Kien Phuc, Ham Nghi and even Dong Khanh under siege of the mandarins and France.