earticle

영어

The purpose of this study is to examine a difference in attachment behaviors of mother and the developmental levels of infant by family type(fatherless family and general family) of infants who go to a nursery, and examine a difference in attachment behaviors of mother and infant developmental levels by mother related variables (age, educational standard, and employment or unemployment). the subjects were 50 pairs of infants(20 months~ 40months) and mothers in fatherless family and general family respectively, who go to a nursery in Busan. mother's answer to the questionnaire was used to examine attachment behaviors of mother, and their teachers directly observed and evaluated recognition, language, social emotion, self-help skill, gross motor, fine motor, and so on to examine a difference in infant developmental levels. The major results were summarized as follows. first, it indicated that mothers in general family showed positive attachment behaviors more than mothers in fatherless family in 7 domains, except indifference among 8 lower domains (positive emotion, contact chase, self-sacrificial warm feeling, proximity chase, protection, unity, indifference, expectation) treated in this study. second, for infant developmental levels, it indicated that infants in general family developed faster than infants in fatherless family in all of lower domains. third, there was no different in attachment behaviors by mother's age between 2 groups, for attachment behaviors by educational background, mothers who had higher educational background had higher positive emotion and contact chase attachment behaviors, and for attachment behaviors by employment or unemployment, working mothers had only higher self-sacrificial warm feeling attachment behaviors. fourth, there was no significant difference in infant developmental levels by mother's age, for a difference by educational background between 2 groups, an infant of mother who had higher educational background had better self-help ability than an infant of mother who had lower educational background, and there was no significant statistical difference in other domains. and there was no significant difference by employment or unemployment. the conclusion can be derived as follows from the result above. the result that attachment behaviors of mother and infant development in usually were higher means that economical and psychological unstability has influence on infant development rather than the problem about bringing up children of mother in fatherless family, and the result of this study shows the difference in attachment behaviors by mother's employment or unemployment, or educational standard has great influence also on attachment for infant by mother's satisfaction on living conditions.

한국어

본 연구에서는 어린이집에 다니고 있는 영아의 가정형태(모자가정 및 일반 가정)에 따라 어머 니의 애착행동과 영아의 발달수준에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고, 어머니 관 련변인(연령, 교육수준, 취업유무)에 따라 어머니의 애착행동과 영아발달수준에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상으로는 B시 어린이집에 다니고 있는 모자가정 및 일반가정의 영아 (20 개월～40개월)와 어머 니 각각 50쌍이었다. 어머니의 애착행동을 알아보기 위해 어머니가 설문지 를 읽은 후 응답한 것을 사용하였으며, 영아발달 수준의 차이를 알아보기 위해서는 담당교사가 인 지, 언어, 사회정서, 자조 기술, 대근육 운동, 소근육 운동 등을 직접 관찰하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 를 요약하면 다음과 같 다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 다룬 8개 하위영역 (긍정적 정서, 접촉 추구, 자기희 생적 온정, 근접 추구 <분리불안>, 보호, 결속<일치성>, 냉담, 기대감) 중 냉담을 제외한 7개 영 역에서 일반가정의 어머 니들이 모자가정의 어머니들보다 긍정적인 애착행동을 보이고 있는 것으 로 나타났다. 둘째, 영아 발달 수준은 모든 하위영역에서 일반가정의 영아들이 모자가정의 영아들 보다 더 빨리 발달하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 연령에 따른 애착 행동은 두 집단의 차이가 없었으며, 학력 에 따른 애착행동은 학력이 높은 어머니들이 긍정적 정서와 접촉 추구 애 착행동이 더 높게 나타 났으며, 취업유무에 따른 애착행동의 차이는 취업을 한 어머니들이 자기희 생적 온정 애착행동 만 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 어머니의 연령에 따른 영아발달수준에서는 유의미한 차이가 없었으며, 학력 에 따른 두 집단의 차이는 학력이 높은 어머니의 영아가 낮은 어머니의 영 아보다 자조능력이 더 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 다른 영역에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없 었다. 그리고 취업유무 에서는 두 집단 간의 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.