earticle

영어

The purpose of this study was to investigate the three places to which Lee Sang-jeok was invited and the meanings of him being invited to those places. The findings can be summarized as follows: Yang Jisheng honored in the Yang Jisheng Shrine by Song Jun’an was a subject in Ming Dynasty who fought against the invading Mongolians. Xie Fangde honored in the Xie Fangde Shrine at Beopwon Temple was a subject in Sung Dynasty who killed himself for his complaints against the Mongolian rule or Yuan Dynasty. Gu Yanwu honored in the Gu Yanwu Shrine at Jain Temple was a subject in Ming Dynasty who had complaints against the rule by Qing Dynasty or the Manchu people and felt ashamed by the people's insulting suffering. All of the three figures were Chinese born and raised in mainland China. They believed that only the Chinese had the legitimate right to rule mainland China. However, they were destined to witness a tragic chapter of Chinese history, in which mainland China was taken over by barbarians or the Mongolians and Manchu people. Their strong conviction in the Chinese and their right to rule mainland China never faded out even at the end of Qing Dynasty. Entering the end of Qing Dynasty, the entire nation was bombarded with attacks from Western powers. The corrupt politics spread throughout the country, causing all people from the central government to commoners to be filled with complaints. It was only natural that Chinese officials should have complaints in Qing Dynasty in such political situations. In such political and historical backgrounds, the Chinese officials of Qing Dynasty must have felt sympathy with Joseon's envoys, who visited Qing Dynasty to pay tributes and were also under the shameful rule or intervention of barbarians. Thus it is carefully estimated that the Chinese officials of Qing Dynasty under the influence of those complex factors might have intentionally invited Lee Sang-jeok to the shrines that honored the figures who were victimized for adhering to the national consciousness.

한국어

본 논문은 이상적이 초대받아 간 燕京 內 세 장소와 그 장소에 초대된 의미가 무엇인지를 밝히는 것이 목적이다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 松筠庵의 楊繼盛사당에 모셔진 양계성은 明나라의 신하로서 몽골족의 침략에 맞서 싸운 인물이다. 法源寺의 謝枋得사당에 모셔진 사방득은 宋나라의 신하로서 원나라 즉 몽골족의 통치에 불만을 품고 자결한 인물이다. 慈仁寺의 顧炎武사당에 모셔진 고염무는 명나라의 신하로서 청나라 즉 滿族의 통치에 불만을 품고 민족적 수모에 수치심을 느낀 인물이다. 위 세 사람은 모두 中原의 본토박이인 漢族들이다. 한족만이 중원의 유일한 집권자가 될 자격이 있다고 인식했던 이들이지만 한족정권이 오랑캐 민족 즉 몽골족과 만족에게 중원을 내주는 수모를 겪게 되는 비참한 역사를 보게 되었고 이러한 의식은 청나라 말기라고 해서 식지 않았다. 이 같은 정치적, 역사적 배경 하에 당시 청나라 한족관원들은 청나라로 조공 받치러 온 조선 사신들을 보면서 자신들과 같은 처지에 있고 또 모두 오랑캐의 통치 혹은 간섭을 받는 수모를 겪고 있다는 동질성을 느꼈을 것이다. 이런 복합적 요소의 작용으로 하여 청나라 한족관인들이 이상적을 고의로 崇明反淸이라는 민족의식을 고수하다 희생된 인물을 모신 사당으로 초대한 것이 아닌가하고 조심스럽게 추측해 본다.