earticle

영어

Jinzerong金澤榮 divided Chinese proses into two, the sweet[甘]-sentences and the bitter[苦]-sentences as he metaphorically expressed the characteristics of the literary style for the Chinese successive generations' proses to the taste. He established Kongzi孔子's sentences as the ideal model sentences that tasted sweet, while he indicated all of the Zhuzi諸子' sentences tasted bitter because they pursued the opposite literary style to Kongzi. He thought the examples of the sweet-sentences was started by Kongzi, led to Mengzi孟子 in the age of Zhanguo戰國, to Simaqian司馬遷 in the Han漢 dynasty, and through Hanyu韓愈 in the Tang唐 dynasty to Guiyouguang歸有光 in the 明 dynasty, and then they were succeed by Liangqichao梁啓超 in the late Qing淸 dynasty. Liangqichao thought the most important thing for the progress of literature was an alteration from literature by the Archaic words[古語] to literature by the Contemporary words[俗語] and he suggested not only novelists choose this style but all of the literary works should be written by this style. He wanted to put the spirit and ideas of the west by using the Contemporary words and the usage of foreign language[外國語法] in his new literary style, but he maintained it as the way it was by using the Wenyan文言 instead of the Baihua白話. About this, Jinzerong comprehended Liangqichao commanded the sweet-sentences by the traditional classical style and system. Liangqichao continued to use the Wenyan form instead the Baihua, he ultimately pursued unification of the written and spoken language[言文一致] by using them together in the language life like the modernized western countries. Unlike Liangqichao, Jinzerong had pursued sentences of Kongzi, who had completed unification of the moral philosophy and literature[道文一致]. Because his criticism on Chinese proses was based on the linguistic view of reactionism that represented unification of the moral philosophy and literature, especially when the new literary movement vigorously began to spread, it is considered to help understand the characteristics of Chinese proses which were placed in the center of the Chinese literature.

일본어

金沢栄は中国歷代の散文の文体的特徵を味に例えて、甘い味がする文章と苦い味がする文章に区分した。彼はもっとも理想的な文章のモデルとして孔子の甘い味がする文章を設定、それと反対の文体を追究した文章として諸子の苦い味がする文章を提示したのである。彼は甘い味がする文章が戰国時代に孟子で漢代に司馬遷につながったと、次い唐代に韓愈を経て明代に歸有光につながったと。再び淸代末期に梁啓超によって継承されたという判継することができた。梁啓超は文学が進化するための1つのかぎとして、古語の文学から俗語の文学に変化することと見、この文体は小說家だけが採用するものではなく、あらゆる文章で使用されなければならないとした。しかし彼が創出した新文体は俗語と外国語法を使用して西欧の精神と思想を表そうとしたが、文体においてだけは白話ではない文言の形式をそのまま維持した。それについて金沢栄は梁啓超が傳統古文の文体と体裁を通じて甘い味がする文章を駆使したものと理解した。梁啓超は白話ではない文言の形式を維持したが、彼は究極的に近代化された西欧のように言語生活において文字言語と音声言語がともに使用される言文一致を志向した。これとほかに金沢栄が一生をかけて追究した文章は道文一致を完成した孔子の文章である。彼の中国散文批評は、新文學運動が活発に繰り広げられた時期に道文一致に代弁される復古的な言語観に基づいたものであり、數千年間中国文学の中心を占めていた中国散文の特徵理解に寄与できるものと判継される。