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Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of alcohol consumption among middle aged and elderly persons and to examine the association between problem drinking and negative health consequences. Methods: Data analysis of the 2010 National Life Transition Period Health Examination Program was conducted for 6,971 participants aged 40 and 66 years old. Among participants, 3,573 were 40 years of age and 3,398 were 66 years of age. Social and demographic variables, alcohol use, binge drinking and negative experiences concerning alcohol drinking were assessed. AUDIT-K was utilized for determining harmful or hazardous alcohol use. The blood samples were taken from all participants to obtain AST, ALT and γ-GTP scores. Results: Of the participants, 29.48% screened positive for alcohol abuse and 2.83% for alcohol dependence. At risk alcohol use and binge drinking were more common among men 40 years of age relative to men aged 66 years old. In the 40 years old women group, 33.54% reported binge drinking once a week. On the other hand, 10.67% of the women aged 66 reported to drink alcohol more than 4 times a week, which is more frequent than women aged 40. Participants of at-risk drinking were 1.559 times more likely to have liver disease. As the severity of problem drinking increased, the probability of having liver disease also increased. Conclusion: Frequent and binge drinking were reported by middle aged and elderly adults. Different drinking patterns were also found between men and women and among the age groups. Therefore, a tailored intervention which addresses an individual's specific problems should be developed and implemented.