earticle

영어

Land degradation and desertification are serious matters of concern and high relevance due to their impact on security, co-operation, economic development and the environment in the country. It is clear that desertification and land degradation are caused by both climatic factors and specific human activities (poor, unsustainable agricultural practices, overgrazing, deforestation, inadequate waste management etc). Taking into account the definition of desertification, as formulated by the UN Convention on Combating desertification, some 90 percent of the territory of Mongolia is susceptible for degradation, mostly by wind and water erosion after the vegetation has been removed and the topsoil damaged by overgrazing, compaction by animals or vehicles, and removal by mining or deforestation. Desertification or land degradation has a negative impact on economic and social development and increases the frequency of extremely cold winters and other major weather events. With this regard, it should be noted that poverty and unemployment has become even worse by the recent movement of historically nomadic people to urban areas caused by the abovementioned factors. For these reasons, desertification and land degradation have become a major ecological threat for the nation, affecting human safety, national security and development. The extent of decertified land is increasing not only with increase of drought frequencies and other natural phenomenon but also with human interaction with natural environment. To date we assessed how severe and where exactly we can talk about desertification, however it is need to assess the impact of different factors in detail in order to develop proper plans, programs and actions to tackle desertification. The severity of desertification is highly varied with geography of population concentration and/or distribution. Simply it can be explained as result of centralization of social and economic relations, which is highly dependent from infrastructure. Very severely degraded such economic centres as Ulaanbaatar, surroundings of Sainshand, some more aimag centres. The natural degradation or desertification caused by natural factors in Mongolia more common in steppe, dry steppe and desert steppe regions, where during last 15 years the annual precipitation have decreased by 50-75 mm and the mean annual temperature increased by 1.5-1.9 degrees.

기타언어

Энэ илтгэлд дэлхийд нийтэд тулгараад байгаа байгаль орчны өөрчлөлтийн асуудлын нэг болох монгол улсад бий болж буй цөлжилтийн асуудлын тухай товч өгүүллээ. Эн э өгүүлэлд цөлжилтийн тухай ойлголтуудад тулгуурлан монгол оронд цөлжилт үүсэн гарч байгаа шалтгаануудыг бусад эрдэмтэн судлаачдын судалж гаргасан судалгааны м атериалуудыг ашиглан боловсруулсан болно. Мөн мэдээллийн хоёрдогч эх үүсвэри йг а шиглан монгол улсын засгийн газраас цөлжилтөөс урьдчилан сэргийлэхийн тулд хи йж буй ажлуудын талаар судалсан болно. Нэгдүгээр бүлэгт цөлжилттэй холбоотой гол то дорхойлолтуудыг авч судалсан юм. Хоёрдугаар бүлэгт Монгол улсад бий болж байг аа цөлжилтийн асуудлын шалтгаануудыг бусад эрдэмтэн судлаачдын судлан гаргасан с уд алгааг үндэслэн нэгтгэж үзэхийг оролдлоо. Гуравдугаар бүлэгт монгол улсын засги йн газраас цөлжилтөөс урьдчилан сэргийлэхийн тулд авч явуулж буй гол арга хэмжээнүү дийг авч үзсэн. Сүүлийн бүлэгт хийгдсэн судалгаандаа тулгуурласан дүгнэлтийг гарг ас ан болно.