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Reflective Thinking about Curriculum and Textbooks- with Korean language as the center - Cho Dong-keel This article aims at a reflective thinking about the surface meaning of textbook system and the hidden problem, and tries to find a solution for improvement. Textbooks and curriculum are strategies for legitimization and a logical basis for educational practice. Only one Korean language textbook had been permitted since the first government, this single textbook policy generated several problems. For the first, the textbook used to control the education by governmental power. Next, a uniform and totalitarian education was performed regardless variables in practice. And the last, the harmful effect of monopoly had been risen by an absolute authority of the position of the textbook. To solve these problems, the Korean language textbook switched to the certification system at 2007. In spite of some positive changes, there are still supplements to improve Korean education: First, an intervention by state power should be excluded or at least minimized. Second, the management of Korean education should be autonomous. Third, it is required the way for professionalism and reinforcement of Korean teachers. Fourth, the liberalization of the textbook should be expanded. Fifth, the free publication system of the textbooks is the final goal.