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영어

In Koryosa(高麗史), there was record described for Songshang(宋商) and Songdugang(宋都綱), but any reference about them was not written. Consequently, so far we have understood Songshang and Songdugang as a same thing. In this study, I reexamined the characteristics between Songshang and Songdugang respectively, in order to clarify the vague characteristic of Songdugang. Followings are the characteristics of Song's marine merchants described in historical materials. In case of Songshang, they made a voyage as merchants to sell the products to Koryo(高麗). Among them, Some were ship's owner but others lent a ship from ship's owner. Meantime Dugang(都綱) had three characteristics in historical materials. First, Dugang was related to ship's owner. Second, in Dugang, owners boarded their ship in person commanding sailors. Third, Dugang was always related with shipping in historical materials. Therefore regardless of ship ownership, Songshang(宋商) can be designated merchant selling goods, Songdugang(宋都綱) can be businessmen only shipping and commanding their sailors. By the way September 1085(元豊8年), in Northern Song, Shenjong(神宗) government permitted officially their marine merchants to do shipping trade to foreign envoys and foreign merchants. As a result some Song's ship owners gave up selling goods and then converted their types of business into shipping trade. So Koryo distinguished Songshang as a seller to come to sell their goods, from Songdugang coming to do shipping trade respectively.