earticle

영어

In 698 A.D., Balhae(渤海) kingdom, founded by Dae Jo-yeong(大祚榮) in Dong Mo mountain, appeared upon the scene of history. After that, Balhae occupied the old territories of Koguryeo Kingdom, and expanded it's domination by occupying the Heuksu tribe(黑水部). Balhae was a polyethnic nation which encompassed a wide range of races, included Yemaek(濊貊), Malgal(靺鞨), Han(漢), Khitans(契丹), and had dominion over LiaoDong province for two hundred years. but there has been a lot of academic disagreements about the relations between Yemaek and Sukshin(肅愼) in the historical study of Balhae, In particular, disagreement on Dae Jo-yeong's ancestry and the makeup of residents in Balhae, is caused by the absence of historical documents in Balhae, and also most of the related documents belonged to Chinese dynasty of central plains. Twenty Five Histories(二十五史) “foreign biographies” in the official history of china(especially, dynasty of central plains) described all circumstances in North-east countries in that time. But according to personal propensity, intellectual level and political life, there are many differences in historical presentation of writers(or compiler) of these history books. For example, there are some related records in The Old Book of Tang(舊唐書) and The New Book of Tang(新唐書): respectively said “Dae Jo-yeong of Balhae-Malgal is a originally Goryeo(高麗) by descent.” and “Songmalbu(粟末靺鞨) is a naturalized Goryeo, called ‘Dae’ by surname.” On this point, North and South Korean historians have contended that most of the governing class in Balhae were descendant of Koguryeo, while chinese historians insisted that they were Malgal(Mohe). Therefore, it is very important for finding the original truth of Balhae' history to need inductive approaches by Quellenkritik and discovery of new historical documents by an in-depth study. This paper is tried to have a new approach to history of Balhae:　particularly, ethnic origin, territory and residents. From my final analysis, Malgal was a ‘collective’ term includes several ethnic group in north-east, the Songmal tribe of Malgal was the Koguryeo by Yemaek descent. and Dae Jo-yeong establish Balhae kingdom as a successors of Koguryeo. Balhae was a multiracial kingdom which made the Koguryeo as a dominant class in it's territory.