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Lee, Byung-tae. “Condition for Authentic Justice represented in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 37.3 (2011): 149-71. As a child, John Steinbeck developed what would be a lifelong interest in the stories of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table. As an adult during the 1930s, he recreated the Arthurian brotherhood cycle-its formation, flowering, and dissolution-in his novel, The Grapes of Wrath. This novel is characterized by the following Arthurian elements: a leader is chosen by the people and dies during the dissolution of the brotherhood. Steinbeck used the Arthurian brotherhood cycle to explore how the social problems of the period of the great depression in America must be solved for the oppressed such as the migrating workers to search for jobs from Oklahoma to California. For authentic emancipation of the oppressed from the society, Steinbeck explored the meaning of justice and the good life for the group. Through this work, he concludes that justice means maximizing the greatest happiness for the greatest number on the foundation of virtue and the common good. (Kwangwoon University)
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