earticle

영어

Religious Historical Study on the Cohesion of the Feasts of Passover(ח꘎꘭ גꖏ) and Unleavened Bread ((תוֹצꗫꖏ גꖏ)) Eun Woo Lee, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Hebrew and Old Testament Presbyterian College and Theological Seminary The purpose of this study is to pursue the origin of Passover festival and feast of Unleavened Bread, and reveal how these two festivals were combined through religious historical study. For this study, the author introduces recent research trend of Pentateuch and the so-called Deuteronomistic history, using these methodologies. Through this study, the author tries to reveal that in the beginning Passover which was ancient nomadic apotropaic spring ritual and the seven day feast of Unleavend bread, maṣṣōt which was agricultural spring festival of Canaanite people, existed separately, but later the fact that unleavend bread was to be eaten along with the Passover sacrifice facilitated the joining of the two festivals. According to the author, the feast of Unleavened Bread was seasonal sacrifice circulating local sanctuaries in Exod 23: 15 and 34: 18. However, Deut 16: 1-8 constitutes key section adapting the earlier heritage to the centralisation of the cult. By locating the Passover rite in the sanctuary that God will choose, Deut 16:1-8 changes the celebration from an exclusively domestic rite to part of a national gathering-though families might celebrate individually in that central location. In Exile, these two national festivals were celebrated as family ceremony, and the blood ceremony of Passover was reinterpreted as salvation day from calamity related with the death of firstborns and the seven day of Unleavened bread was re-confessed as the liberation day from slavery and captivity related with the exodus by priest group (P) in Exod 12: 1-20. In post-exilic Chronicles, the feasts of Passover and Unleavened bread were considered as national festivals which were celebrated by all Israel and Judah together in Jerusalem. Ezekiel and Ezra understand those two feasts as the retrospective events of captivity caused by their crime and God's grace of recovery and salvation, and connect them with cleansing ceremony and sin offering. Thus, through this study, we can see those apotropaic and mythical ceremonies in ancient district along the shore of the Mediterranean are developing religiously and historically as the day of faith remembering Yahweh's great activity of liberation and deliverance from captivity through the feasts of Passover and Unleavened bread.

한국어

본 논문은 종교사적 연구를 통해 유월절과 무교절의 기원을 밝히고, 두 절기가 어떻게 결합되어 지켜지게 되었는지를 보인다. 저자는 이 논문에서 독립적으로 존재했던 두 절기가 시기적 근접성 그리고 방법론적 유사성 때문에 결합되어 함께 지켜지게 되었음을 강조한다. 이 논문은 또한 그 이후의 단계인 신명기 법전과 포로기 이후의 발전과 재해석의 과정을 다룬다.