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Objectives: This study investigated how monthly drinking amount of alcohol and self- esteem toward alcohol use were related to depression among high school students and identify whether self-esteem has moderating effect on depression. Methods: The population of this study was senior high students in Seoul, Korea. Eight senior high schools were randomly selected from Seoul City. One thousand five hundred and forty- seven responses from the sixteen schools were analyzed (nineteen were excluded). Adolescents' self- reports on alcohol behavior, depression and self-esteem scales were used. Results: Hierarchial multiple regression analyses revealed that gender, age, reported academic performance, alcohol consumption, self-esteem were significant predictors of depression and self-esteem had a role of moderating factor. Conclusion: The identification of protective and risk factors can be contribute to the development of effective intervention strategies to help for prevention of alcohol problem among high school students. Based on these findings, practical intervention for children adolescents were suggested to improve their self-esteem.