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Research on Photius Ⅰ-Historical Background and His Role- In 858 emperor Michael III forced patriarch Ignatius to abdicate. To replace him, Bardas selected the protoasecretis Photius. New patriarch Photius followed the line of reforms of Tarasius, Nicephorus and Methodius who was cooperative on the policy of byzantine government. But his following was not a copy. Reforms of former patriarchs were in internal polics, on the other hand Photius's reform was in both internal and external politics. Reform of Photius excited not only nationalism, but made the birth of humanism and played a decisive role to make the second golden age. Reform-thought of Photius was caused by reading and a wide experience. He gained experience in youth to meet islamic culture. It seems that this experience had an affect on his reform-thought. On the other hand, it seems that his experience as a ambassador played a decisive role to solve problems of bulgarian missions. This decisive role was not in the duty of patriarch but in the duty of the minister of diplomacy. Photius showed his talent in theology, bulgarian missions, edit of laws, education of Constantinople university, master's role of emperor Leo IV, writings etc. It means that he was a reformer who dreamed change of byzantine state and society.