earticle

영어

At the end of the twelfth century historians of medieval France returned to a model close to fifty years old. This is a model of political upheavals at the beginning of the eleventh century, which led to the weakening of the power of the counts, the final breakdown of Carolingian institutions, the rise of independent castellans, and the beginning of a 'feudal' age. This idea was originally proposed by Geroges Duby as part of his study of the Māconnais in southern Burgundy, and was still being applied to other pasts of France. The debates most recently have focused on the power and violence exercised by castellans and knights over the French peasantry. These debates were touched of by T. N. Bisson, "The 'Feudal Revolution'". They were continued by D. Barthelemy and S. White, "Debate", and T. Reuter, C. Wickham, and Th. Bisson, "Debate". These scholars focused mainly on whether violence against peasants was greater in the eleventh century than it had been in the tenth, and whether these peasants were forced into new form of servitude by this violence. This article is to review these debates over 'feudal revolution'.