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Erasmus(1466-1536) played a major role spreading and finishing the humanist movement over all Europe. Above all, he applied the textual criticism to the Bible, chiefly to the New Testament and the Church Fathers, that he might not only gain access to Greek and Latin original texts, but also interpret grammartically, historically, but based on this, spiritually, that is, allegorically and morally.
Luther discerned sared philology took place according to Providence. For God in His widom and providence provided the means by which purification and reform of doctrine might come about. As he alluded, Erasmus was a model to textual criticism in the Renaissance age. His textual criticism and Biblical exegesis paved the way to not only a true salvation among desirous laymen, but also to a true theology among his young scholars and Reformers, such as, Zwingli 1484-1531, Luther 1483-1546, Bucer 1491-1551, Melanchton 1497-1560, Calvin 1509-64.
In Paraclecis, one of introductory materials in his New Testament, he defined the great theologian in the days to come as follows: he will be neither such ones as Scotus, Thomas, Averroës, nor ones following those persons, but ones following authors of the Bible and imbibing, holding, carrying into effect the teachings of Christ through those authors.
He chiefly applied textual criticism to the Bible as a grammarian, but he was obliged to interpret the Bible. His Biblical exegesis was involved in major subjects, such as, ‘Justification’, ‘Grafting on Christ, chiefly refering to Imitating to Christ’, ‘process of Santification’, ‘the problem of Free Will’ and so on, which later would be elaborated as essential doctrines by Melanchton, Luther, Calvin, or even Wesley. In view of this, he prepared for the Reformation, whether he recognized or not, whether each of Reformers admitted or not.
Thus he attempted to combine learning and piety, culture and religion. This was his real contribution. He accomplished it through the unification of bonae litterae and sacrae litterae. This unification might be accomplished in Christ who incarnated, was dead on the cross and rose again for mankind. This meant the fusion of humanitas and pietas. This fusion come forth evidently in Philosophia Christi , his famous term. In Paraclecis he says as follows: what else is the Philosophy of Christ, which He Himself calls a rebirth, than the restoration of human nature originally formed?
Christ revealed and accomplished wholly teachings and philosophies of all philosophers, wisemen, prophets. Erasmus was an excellent Bible theologian who gave his body and soul to loving, investigating, and peaching Words of this Christ.