earticle

영어

The purpose of this study is to consider the characteristic of kinship structures which revealed in medieval nomination. For that purpose, it attempts to analyse the nomenclature of the first half and the second of the Middle Ages, paying attention to factors which caused the mutation in nomenclature in the 11th-12th centuries.
The first half was overwhelmingly dominated by one name system (‘nomen proprium’) which inherited its custom from both the old German society and the late Roman Empire. That system was characterized by undifferentiated filiation in which parents nominated their children after the names of paternal line as well as maternal one.
The 11th-12th centuries, however, experienced the gradual transi- tion from one name system to two name system (christian name and patronyme or surname) which derived its anthroponymic source mainly from paternal line. On the contrary to J. Goody’ thesis focusing on the role of spiritual kinship, the present study suggests that the change was brought about for the most part by both the destitution of stock of anthroponymes in use among modest people and the strengthening of patrolineal consciousness in feudal noble class which began to establish themselves at their manors and castles and form the auctochthon lineage (‘topolignée’) there from the 11th-12th centuries.
The later Middle Ages saw the establishment and diffusion of two name system in which saint patrons’ names were increasingly adopted as first name and patronymes or surnames as family name in its proper sense. If so, what was the relationship between the general use of two name system and the kinship structure in the late Middle Ages? The study cannot give an exact answer to the question, but suggests that the general use of two name system meant the concurrent strengthening of spiritual kinship and patrolineal kinship. However, it cannot be overlooked that without the generali- zation of spiritual kinship, patrolineal kinship should have pushed its own exclusive logic to the utmost limit.